16 December in Pakistan: what is in their mind(Pakistani People)

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Surrender Story in ENGLISH

On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi, CO of Pakistan Army forces located in East Pakistan signed the instrument of surrender. At the time of surrender only a few countries had provided diplomatic recognition to the new nation. Over 90,000 Pakistani troops surrendered to the Mitro forces making it the largest surrender since World War II. Bangladesh sought admission in the United Nations with most voting in its favor, but China vetoed this as Pakistan was its key ally. The United States, also a key ally of Pakistan, was one of the last nations to accord Bangladesh recognition. To ensure a smooth transition, in 1972 the Simla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan. The treaty ensured that Pakistan recognized the independence of Bangladesh in exchange for the return of the Pakistani PoWs. India treated all the PoWs in strict accordance with the Geneva Convention, rule 1925. It released more than 90,000 Pakistani PoWs in five months.

Further, as a gesture of goodwill, nearly 200 soldiers who were sought for war crimes by Bengalis were also pardoned by India. The accord also gave back more than 13,000 km² of land that Indian troops had seized in West Pakistan during the war, though India retained a few strategic areas; most notably Kargil (which would in turn again be the focal point for a war between the two nations in 1999). This was done as a measure of promoting "lasting peace" and was acknowledged by many observers as a sign of maturity by India. But some in India felt that the treaty had been too lenient to Bhutto, who had pleaded for leniency, arguing that the fragile democracy in Pakistan would crumble if the accord was perceived as being overly harsh by Pakistanis.

Surrender Story in BANGLA

Recent Photo of VICTORY DAY

City House Of Dhaka BANGLADESH

City House Of Dhaka BANGLADESH

City House Of Dhaka BANGLADESH

Karjon Hall Of Dhaka UNIVERSITY

Karjon Hall Of Dhaka UNIVERSITY

Surrender of Pakistani forces in East Pakistan

Pakistan surrender which publish in a News paper in 1971

The Instrument of Surrender of Pakistani forces stationed in East Pakistan was signed at Ramna Race Course in Dhaka at 16.31 IST on 16 December 1971, by Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, General Officer Commanding-in-chief of Eastern Command of the Indian Army and Lieutenant General A. A. K. Niazi, Commander of Pakistani forces in East Pakistan. As Aurora accepted the surrender, the surrounding crowds on the race course began shouting anti-Niazi and anti-Pakistan slogans.

1971 March 7th Speach of Shek Mujibur Rahman

Bangladesh Genocide: Village Massacre

After liberation war

Bangladesh Genocide: Attack on Dhaka (3/26/1971)

Zaheer Raihan tells about Pakistan

Victory video of BANGLADESH with MUKTI BAHINI

Victory video of BANGLADESH

Surrender Video(It's totally rare video)

14 December 1971 video Part 3

14 December 1971 video Part 2

14 December 1971 video

Amader akas theke nokkhotro kere niesilo jara by Anisul Haque

14 December "Day of the Martyred Intellectuals"

On 14 December, 1971, over 200 of East Pakistan's intellectuals including professors, journalists, doctors, artists, engineers, and writers were picked up from their homes in Dhaka by the Al-Badr militias and Pakistani Army. They were taken blindfolded to torture cells in Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Nakhalpara, Rajarbagh and other locations in different sections of the city. Later they were executed en masse, most notably at Rayerbazar and Mirpur. In memory of the martyred intellectuals, December 14 is mourned in Bangladesh as Shaheed Buddhijibi Dibosh ("Day of the Martyred Intellectuals").

Even after the official ending of the war on December 16 there were reports of hostile fire from the armed Pakistani soldiers and their collaborators. In one such incident, notable film-maker Zahir Raihan was killed on January 30, 1972 in Mirpur, allegedly by the armed Beharis of Mirpur.

It is widely speculated that the killings of 14 December was orchestrated by Maj Gen Rao Farman Ali. After the liberation of Bangladesh a list of Bengali intellectuals (most of whom were executed on 14 Dec) was discovered in a page of his diary left behind at the Governor's House. The existence of such a list was confirmed by Ali himself although he denied the motive of genocide. The same was also confirmed by Altaf Gauhar, a former Pakistani bureaucrat. He mentioned an incidence in which Altaf requested Ali to delete a friend's name from the list and Ali did that in front of him.

The Concert for Bangladesh

The Concert For Bangladesh was the event title for two benefit concerts organized by George Harrison and Ravi Shankar, held at noon and at 7:00 p.m. on August 1, 1971, playing to a total of 40,000 people at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Organized for the relief ofrefugees from East Pakistan (now independent Bangladesh) after the 1970 Bhola cyclone and during the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities and Bangladesh Liberation War, the event was the first benefit concert of this magnitude in world history. It featured an all-star supergroup of performers that included Ravi Shankar, Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Billy Preston, Leon Russell, Badfinger, and Ringo Starr.

An album was released later in 1971 and a concert film was released in 1972, with later releases for home video. In 2005, the film was re-issued on DVD accompanied by a new documentary.

The concert raised US$243,418.51 for Bangladesh relief, which was administered by UNICEF. Sales of the album and DVD continue to benefit the George Harrison Fund for UNICEF.

Concert programme

Ravi Shankar and the sarodist Ali Akbar Khan opened the concert with recital of Indian music consisting of the dhun, "Bangla Dhun".

Except for back-up roles in support of both the Delaney & Bonnie Blues Band and John Lennon's Plastic Ono Band, it was the first live appearance for George Harrison since the breakup of The Beatles. Eric Clapton made his first public appearance since the end of the five-month Derek and the Dominos tour the previous December. Clapton was still in the grip of a heroin addiction, and had been unable to attend any rehearsals until the final soundcheck. This was the first live performance of "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and may have been the first time the general public was made aware that it was Clapton who played the solo on The Beatles' recording.^{[citation needed]}

Musical help was also on hand from Billy Preston, Leon Russell, Klaus Voormann, Jim Keltner, Badfinger, a large horn section put together by Jim Horn and other musicians, including Carl Radle, Jesse Ed Davis, Don Preston and a host of backing singers organized by Don Nix.

Bob Dylan made his first stage appearance since the Isle of Wight Festival in August 1969. Apart from sitting in for a few numbers with The Band on New Year 1972 and an unannounced appearance backing John Prine on harmonica at a Greenwich Village club, he did not play live again until January 1974.

The songs played and their sequence differ slightly between the afternoon and evening show, with Awaiting On You All, Love Minus Zero/No Limit, and Hear Me Lord only being played at the afternoon show.

Description of WAR time

March to June

Leaflets and pamphlets played an important role in driving public opinion during the war.

See also: Mukti Bahini

At first resistance was spontaneous and disorganized, and was not expected to be prolonged.^[45]But when the Pakistani Army cracked down upon the population, resistance grew. The Mukti Bahini became increasingly active. The Pakistani military sought to quell them, but increasing numbers of Bengali soldiers defected to the underground "Bangladesh army". These Bengali units slowly merged into the Mukti Bahini and bolstered their weaponry with supplies from India. Pakistan responded by airlifting in two infantry divisions and reorganizing their forces. They also raised paramilitary forces of Razakars, Al-Badrs and Al-Shams (who were mostly members of the Muslim League, the then government party and other Islamist groups), as well as other Bengalis who opposed independence, and Bihari Muslims who had settled during the time of partition.

On April 17, 1971, a provisional government was formed in Meherpur district in western Bangladesh bordering India with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who was in prison in Pakistan, as President, Syed Nazrul Islam as Acting President, and Tajuddin Ahmed as Prime Minister. As fighting grew between the army and the Bengali Mukti Bahini an estimated 10 million Bengalis, mainly Hindus, sought refuge in the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal.^[46]

June – September

The eleven sectors

See also: List of sectors in Bangladesh Liberation War

Bangladesh forces command was set up on 11 July, with Col. M A G Osmani as commander in chief, Lt. Col. Abdur Rab as chief of Army Staff and Group Captain A K Khandker as Deputy Chief of Army Staff and Chief of Air Force. Bangladesh was divided into Eleven Sectors each with a commander chosen from defected officers of the Pakistani army who joined the Mukti Bahini to conduct guerrilla operations and train fighters. Most of their training camps were situated near the border area and were operated with assistance from India. The 10th Sector was directly placed under a Commander in Chief (C-in-C) and included the Naval Commandos and C-in-C’s special force.^[47] Three brigades (11 Battalions) were raised for conventional warfare; a large guerrilla force (estimated at 100,000) was trained.

Guerrilla operations, which slackened during the training phase, picked up after August. Economic and military targets in Dhaka were attacked. The major success story was Operation Jackpot, in which naval commandos mined and blew up berthed ships in Chittagong on 16 August 1971. Pakistani reprisals claimed lives of thousands of civilians.^{[citation needed]} The Indian army took over supplying the Mukti Bahini from the BSF. They organised six sectors for supplying the Bangladesh forces.

October – December

Also See: Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan, Bangladesh 1971: Opposing Plans, Pakistan Army Order of Battle December 1971and Mitro Bahini Order of Battle December 1971
Bangladesh conventional forces attacked border outposts. Kamalpur, Belonia and Battle of Boyra are a few examples. 90 out of 370 BOPs fell to Bengali forces. Guerrilla attacks intensified, as did Pakistani and Razakar reprisals on civilian populations. Pakistani forces were reinforced by eight battalions from West Pakistan. The Bangladeshi independence fighters even managed to temporarily capture airstrips atLalmonirhat and Shalutikar.^[48] Both of these were used for flying in supplies and arms from India. Pakistan sent 5 battalions from West Pakistan as reinforcements.

Surrender Copy

Timeline Of Liberation WAR of BANGLADSH

Before the war

• March 1: General Yahya Khan calls off the session of National Council to be held on March 3 in a radio address^[1].
• March 7: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - leader of Awami League party that had just won a landslide victory in East Pakistan in the Federal Elections - announces to a jubilant crowd at the Dhaka Race Course ground, "The struggle this time is the struggle for our emancipation! The struggle this time is the struggle for independence!". ^[2]
• March 9: Workers of Chittagong port refuse to unload weapons from the ship 'Swat'.
• March 10: Expatriate Bengali students demonstrate in front of the United Nations Headquarters and calls for UN intervention to put an end to violence on Bengali people^[3].
• March 16: Yahya Khan starts negotiation with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
• March 19: Nearly 50 people die as Pakistan Army opens fire on demonstrators at Jaydevpur^[4].
• March 24: Pakistan Army opens fire on Bengali demonstrators in Syedpur, Rangpur and Chittagong. More than a thousand people are killed^[5].

Events of the War

March

• March 25: Pakistan Army starts Operation Searchlight in Dhaka and rest of the country, attacking political activists, students, and Bengali members of armed forces and police
• March 26: Independence of Bangladesh is declared by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman shortly before his arrest. This is Bangladesh's officialIndependence Day.
• March 31: Kushtia resistance begins.

April

• April 2: Jinjira genocide.
• April 6: The Blood Telegram
• April 11: Radio address by Tajuddin Ahmad, the Prime Minister.
• April 10: A provisional Bangladesh government-in-exile is formed.
• April 12: M. A. G. Osmani takes up the command of Bangladesh Armed Forces.
• April 17: A provisional government-in-exile took oath in Boiddonathtola (now called Mujibnagar) in Meherpur District
• April 18: Battle of Daruin, Comilla and Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway, Chittagong Hill Tracts.
• April 24: Formation of Bangladesh Action Committee at Coventry, UK by non-resident Bangladeshis.
• April 28: Tajuddin pleas for arms aid to neighbors.

May

• May 5: Gopalpur massacre.^[6]
• May 15: Indian army starts aiding Mukti Bahini^[7].
• May 20:The Chuknagar Genocide takes place at Khulna where the Pakistan army kills nearly 10 thousand people
• May 24: Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra finds home in Kolkata.

July

• July 11-17: Sector Commanders Conference 1971.

August

• August 1: The Concert for Bangladesh in Madison Square Garden, New York by George Harrison and friends.
• August 16: Operation Jackpot, Bangladesh naval commando operation.
• August 20: Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman (military pilot)'s attempt to defect by hijacking a fighter.
• August 30: Pakistan Army crackdown on Dhaka guerrillas^[8].

September

• September 5: Battle of Goahati, Jessore.
• September 28: Bangladesh Air Force starts functioning.

October

• October 13: Dhaka guerrillas kill Abdul Monem Khan, governor of East Pakistan.
• October 28: Battle of Dhalai Outpost, Srimongol.
• October 31 to November 3: Battle of Dhalai: Indian attack from Tripura into East Pakistan to stop Pakistani cross-border shelling.

November

• November 9: Six small ships constitute the first fleet of Bangladesh Navy.
• November 16: Battle of Ajmiriganj, an 18 hour encounter between MB and Pakistan army. A famous freedom fighter, Jagatyoti Das, is martyred.
• November 20 to November 21: Battle of Garibpur: Indian attack in Boyra salient in East Pakistan
• November 21: Mitro Bahini, the joint force of Bngladesh and Indian army is formed.
• November 22 to December 13, and sporadic fighting to December 16: Battle of Hilli: Indian attack on Bogra in East Pakistan.

December (Indo-Pakistan War)

• December 3: Bangladesh Air Force destroys Pakistani oil depots^[9].. Pakistani air attacks on India result in India declaring war on Pakistan.
• December 4 to December 6: Battle of Basantar: Indians attack and take over Pakistani territory opposite Jammu
• Dec 5 to Dec 6: Battle of Longewala: Indians stop a Pakistani invasion directed at Jaisalmer.
• December 4 Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War): Indian naval attack on Karachi
• December 6: India becomes the first country to recognize Bangladesh. Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra becomes Bangladesh Betar.
• December 7: Liberation of Jessore, Sylhet and Moulovi Bazar.
• December 8 night: Operation Python: Indian naval attack on Karachi
• December 9: Battle of Kushtia: Indian attack from West Bengal into East Pakistan.

Chandpur and Daudkandi liberated.

• December 10: Liberation of Laksham. Two Bangladeshi ships sunk mistakenly by Indian air attack.
• December 11: Liberation of Hilli, Mymenshingh, Kushtia and Noakhali. USS Enterprise is deployed by the USA in the Bay of Bengal to intimidate Indian Navy.
• December 13: Soviet Navy deploys a group of ships to counter USS Enterprise.
• December 14: Selective genocide of nationalist intellectuals. Liberation of Bogra.
• December 16: Pakistan Army surrenders to Mitro Bahini represented by Jagjit Singh Aurora of the Indian Army faction of the military coalition.

Freedom of Bangladeshi people.

• December 22: The provisional government of Bangladesh arrives in Dhaka from exile.